They don’t change color to match the background.
Never have; never will. Complete myth. Utter fabrication. Total lie.
They change color as a result of different emotional states. If they happen to match the background, it’s completely coincidental.
Chameleons change color when frightened or picked up or when they beat another chameleon in a fight. They change color when a member of the opposite sex steps into view and they sometimes change color due to fluctuations in either light or temperature.
A chameleon’s skin contains several layers of specialized cells called chromataphores—from Greek chroma (color) and pherin (to carry)—each with different colored pigments. Altering the balance between these layers causes the skin to reflect different kinds of light, making chameleons a kind of walking color wheel.
Oh, and by the way: The Bible forbids the eating of chameleons.
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